Toolman

Tap drill size for 7/16-20

25/64"

0.3906 inches · 9.92 mm · 75% thread engagement

Tap drill (75% thread)25/64" — 0.3906" / 9.92 mm
Major diameter0.4375" / 11.11 mm
Drill for a 100% thread0.3726" / 9.46 mm
Threads per inch20
Pitch0.05" / 1.27 mm
SeriesUNF (fine)

Where the number comes from

A tap cuts the thread; the drill leaves the hole it cuts into. Cutting the full thread form would mean drilling the major diameter less the whole height of the thread:

0.4375 − 1.299 ÷ 20 = 0.3726 inches

That is the 100% thread, which nobody drills — the tap has to remove every scrap of metal and usually breaks trying. Charts give 75%, so three quarters of the thread height is cut away and the rest is left as clearance:

0.4375 − 0.974 ÷ 20 = 0.3888 inches

The nearest drill that actually exists is 25/64" at 0.3906 inches, which is 0.0018 inches over the theoretical figure. That is the number printed on every 7/16-20 tap chart, and this is where it comes from.

The same hole at other engagements

Thread engagement is a choice, not a constant. Less engagement means an easier cut and a longer tap life for very little loss of strength, which is why a machinist working stainless will not drill the chart size.

EngagementTheoreticalDrillMillimetres
50%0.405"Y (0.404")10.26 mm
65%0.3953"X (0.397")10.08 mm
75% — the chart value0.3888"25/64" (0.3906")9.92 mm
85%0.3823"W (0.386")9.8 mm

A 75% thread is close to the practical ceiling: going from 75% to 100% adds only a few per cent of strength and roughly doubles the torque needed to turn the tap. Going the other way, a 65% thread still holds about 95% of the load a 75% thread does, which is why 65% is the usual choice in anything harder than mild steel.

7/16-20 in metric

7/16-20 has a major diameter of 11.11 mm and a pitch of 1.27 mm. The nearest metric tap is M12 at 12 mm, which is 0.89 mm larger — far enough apart that there is no confusing the two. An M12 bolt will not enter a 7/16-20 hole at all, so if a fastener nearly fits, neither of these is the standard you are looking for.

For the drill itself the conversion is straightforward: 25/64" is 9.92 mm, and a metric drill index will offer 9.9 mm as the nearest size.

What 7/16-20 is used for

Fine-pitch structural and automotive work.

The same 0.4375" screw is also made as 7/16-14, the coarse version, which takes a U drill instead. Fine threads hold better in thin material, resist vibration loosening and give finer adjustment.

Frequently asked questions

What size drill bit do I need for a 7/16-20 tap?

A 25/64" drill, which is 0.3906 inches or 9.92 mm. That is the standard 75% thread engagement figure, and it is what every published tap chart gives for 7/16-20.

What size hole do I need for a 7/16-20 thread?

The same 25/64" hole — 0.3906 inches. The number comes from subtracting the thread height from the major diameter: 0.4375 − 0.974 ÷ 20 = 0.3888 inches, and 25/64" is the nearest drill that exists.

What is the 7/16-20 tap drill size in mm?

9.92 mm. There is no metric drill of exactly that size, so a metric drill index gives you 9.9 mm as the nearest — close enough for 7/16-20 in most materials, though it changes the thread engagement slightly.

Can I use a X instead?

Yes, and in hard material you should. X gives about 65% thread engagement instead of 75%. That costs very little strength — a 65% thread holds roughly 95% of what a 75% thread does — and it makes the tap markedly easier to turn, which is the trade every machinist makes in stainless or tough alloy.

Other tap sizes

Every unified tap drill size · Metric thread sizes