Toolman

1x10 actual size

¾ × 9¼ inches

1.9 × 23.5 cm · 19 × 235 mm · sold as a 1x10

Nominal against actual

NominalActualDifference
Thickness1 in¾ in (19 mm)−¼ in
Width10 in9¼ in (235 mm)−¾ in
Cross-section10 in²6.94 in²−31%

What a 1x10 is for

Wide shelving and stair risers. It is the widest board most people can buy without moving to a glued panel.

The name is the rough-sawn size before drying and planing. Why every board is smaller than its name →

What this costs you in practice

The error compounds wherever boards sit side by side. Three 1x10s are 27¾ inches across, not 30; eight of them are 74 inches rather than 80, which is 6 inches short over a run you might have measured on paper. That is why framing is dimensioned centre to centre and not edge to edge: 16 inches on centre is a real 16 inches whatever the boards themselves measure, so a sheet of plywood still lands on a stud.

Other 1-inch nominal boards

NominalActualIn mm
1x2¾ × 1½ in19 × 38 mm
1x3¾ × 2½ in19 × 64 mm
1x4¾ × 3½ in19 × 89 mm
1x6¾ × 5½ in19 × 140 mm
1x8¾ × 7¼ in19 × 184 mm
1x12¾ × 11¼ in19 × 286 mm

Frequently asked questions

What is the actual size of a 1x10?

¾ × 9¼ inches — 1.9 × 23.5 cm, or 19 × 235 mm.

Why is a 1x10 not 1 by 10 inches?

Because it was, once. The board is sawn at roughly its nominal size while green, then dried and planed smooth on all four faces, and both processes take material off. The name records the rough-sawn size and the label never caught up. This is standardised, not accidental — every mill in North America surfaces to the same finished dimensions.

How much smaller is a 1x10 than its name?

¼ inch off the thickness and ¾ off the width, which is 31% less cross-section than the name implies. That matters for spans and for anything where you are counting boards to fill a width.

What lengths does a 1x10 come in?

Typically 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20 feet. Unlike the cross-section, length is not reduced — an 8-foot board is 8 feet, or a little over, because it is cut to length after planing.

The full nominal-to-actual chart · Unit converters